Key Considerations
Design
- Define max working load, stroke and installation height clearly
- Control slenderness ratio; add guide for ratio >3
- Choose end type: Closed and ground (high precision), closed unground, open
- Verify maximum working stress and fatigue stress
- Select appropriate tolerances to avoid unnecessary cost
Material Selection
- Match material to operating conditions (temperature, corrosion, load type)
- Use cold-drawn wire for small springs, annealed wire for large springs
- Ensure no surface defects (cracks, scratches) which cause fatigue failure
Manufacturing
- Cold coiling: Wire diameter ≤8mm; Hot coiling: >8mm
- Heat treatment: Stress relief annealing (cold coiled), quenching+tempering (hot coiled)
- Surface treatment: Prevent hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength steel
- End grinding: ≥3/4 of a coil ground for closed ends
- Strong pressing: Improves load capacity and fatigue life
Installation & Use
- Install on guide rod/sleeve for slenderness ratio >3
- Keep mounting surfaces parallel to avoid uneven loading
- Apply axial load only; eccentric load drastically reduces life
- Do not exceed maximum operating temperature
- Regular inspection for cracks, deformation and fatigue
Storage & Maintenance
- Store in dry, ventilated, corrosion-free environment
- Do not stack heavy objects on springs
- Lubricate frequently moving springs
- Repair damaged surface coatings promptly
EN
